i do different boring operations everyday haha. yes i can get concentricity with a 3 jaw chuck, its certainly not impossible. fortunately, we have a collet system at work so i dont use a 3 or 4 jaw chuck that often, nor is the lathe i use super large. However, lathes are not the end all be all for that. they definitely have their own flaws espeically with boring bars that are very long as you would need to bore a sleeve. Chattering is a common issue you can run into when using a boring bar of that length, as well as taper because you loose rigidity when the cutting tool is out that far. . the only reason i would feel the need to remove the sleeves to bore them in a lathe would be if i didnt have access to a milling machine, didnt know how to set one up, or was replacing them and was boring the new sleeves that were already removed before being installed. The cylinder is a machined surface as is the table on the milling machine, and any 123 blocks used to mount the cylinder. As long as the head is properly trammed in, and the cylinder is firmly held in place, you can just as easily achieve concentricity with the milling machine. plus the quill and boring bar used on a milling machine is a more rigid setup with far less chance of chatter.
Im not saying youre wrong, just saying that removing sleeves to bore them instead of using a milling machine is kinda like going around your ass to get to your elbow. if that method was in fact the best way, more shops would do that. lathes in general have better concentricity than milling machines but not always, definitely depends on the application.