The stinger acts as a bleeder resistor to keep gas pressure in the pipe. Too much presure and you heat the pistons, too little and you lose power. Its a balancing act to keep the desired gas pressure to work for desired effect. If the stinger is being reduced then the power will increase in the mid to upper rpm ranges. If the gas gets out of the pipe too fast then there is too little medium for the sonic wave to travel through ie; power loss, if the hot gases don't get out fast enough then it will transfer the heat to the pistons and you'll get a cooked piston. How the water is injected into the stinger can have effect also. There is no one setup that meets all. To get the best for each engine package you'ld have to test for each setup but there are good general starting points. When Factory Pipe built their pipes they built them with an average setup so many different engine builds could run the pipe with blowing the things up. You should see JNB421's stinger on his mod pipe, it would blow most engine builders minds.