Inductive Discharge
Inductive-discharge ignitions date back to the earliest points-type ignition systems. In its simplest form, this system uses a set of points to trigger a coil. All coils operate on the same basic principal with a small number of primary windings outside a large number of secondary windings wrapped around a metal core. The positive side of the coil is connected to battery power while the negative side is connected to the distributor points and eventually to ground. The high-tension tower lead directs the output of the coil to the distributor and eventually to the spark plugs. Since points cannot handle a full 12-14 volts, a ballast resistor is used to reduce operating voltage to 6-8 volts and to limit the amount of current passing through the points.
There are generally about 100 times the number of secondary windings to the primary windings in the coil called the turns ratio. When the points are closed, current flows through the coil, charging the primary windings. The length of time that the points are closed is called dwell time. When the points open, the current flow is interrupted and the magnetic field created by the current in the primary windings collapses across the secondary windings, creating a much higher voltage, but at a reduced amperage. Generally, a stock points-type coil can create as much as 25,000 to 30,000 volts. Even though these coils are capable of this, high-voltage street engines generally only require about 8,000 to 12,000 volts to ignite the mixture.
The advantage of an inductive ignition system is its simplicity, requiring only a few easy-to-build components. Inductive-discharge ignitions also deliver a relatively long-duration spark, which is especially good for lighting lean mixtures. The limitation of a points-switched inductive system is that the primary side of the system (the points) suffers from low current and voltage. The ballast resistor is used to lower the current to a level that the points can handle without excessive arcing. When emissions requirements in the ’70s dictated lean air/fuel mixtures that were more difficult to ignite, GM came up with the High Energy Ignition (HEI). The HEI is still an inductive-discharge ignition, but it replaces the points with a magnetic pickup and uses a module to regulate the amount of current on the primary side of the ignition—without the need for a ballast resistor. Think of an HEI as an electronic version of a points distributor with the coil built into the top of the distributor cap.
Time is what handcuffs inductive- discharge ignitions. This system requires dwell time to “charge” the coil up to its maximum capacity. Think of the inductive system as having to slowly pour water into a glass until it’s full, then dumping the water out when the spark is required. As rpm increases, there is less time to saturate the coil (fill the glass), which reduces the voltage and current output (the same as reducing the amount of water in the glass). GM created the HEI as a low-engine-speed emissions-style distributor, so early HEIs were not designed to generate high voltage and current at high rpm. Therefore, the HEI gained a reputation for “laying down” at over 5,000 rpm. High-perf HEI modules offer dramatic amperage increases over earlier systems and can now deliver a hot spark through 7,000 rpm.
http://www.chevyhiperformance.com/techarticles/45618_inductive_cd_ignitions_basics/index.html